Grammar: Adjectives

Posted December 13, 2014 by Kathy Davie in Author Resources, Grammar Explanations, Self-Editing, Writing

Revised as of
5 Mar 2023

Adjectives make life colorful, painful, glorious, miserable. Adjectives make us feel, taste, hear, experience. It may lead you to believe that they’re essential in causing your reader to sink into the world you’re creating . . . and you’d be right.

Grammar Explanations is . . .

. . . an evolving list of the structural rules and principles that determines where words are placed in phrases or sentences as well as how the language is spoken. Sometimes I run across an example that helps explain better or another “also known as”. Heck, there’s always a better way to explain it, so if it makes quicker and/or better sense, I would appreciate suggestions and comments from anyone on an area of grammar with which you struggle or on which you can contribute more understanding.

If you found this post on “Adjective” interesting, consider subscribing to KD Did It, if you’d like to track this post for future updates.

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Adjective
Definition: Words that describe nouns and pronouns . . . the how many, what kind, which one, and how pretty something or someone is. Or they may have the suffixes -er (comparative) or -est (superlative).

POST CONTENTS:
Placement Rules:

Adjectival Endings

Three Types of Adjectives:

Clause & Phrases:

Kinds of Adjectives include:

Tyler bought the cottage across from the football field where I was born.

Well, either he was born in the football field or he was born in the cottage, but we can’t tell.


Silly or brilliant, I thought we needed to try his suggestion.

Either the speaker is silly or brilliant or it’s the suggestion.

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Placement Rules:
General Placement Rule: Keep it near the noun it is modifying.

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An attributive adjective usually come before a noun.

A postpositive adjective comes immediately after the noun.

A predicative adjective comes after the verb — set it off with commas.

Specific Placement Rule: There are times when a string of adjectives are used in a description, and there is a very specific order for those descriptive adjectives, and they are usually arranged in a sentence from adjectives that are more general in scope to adjectives that are more specific.

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In her article, Zetlin uses a noun phrase from Forsyth:

“lovely little old rectangular green French silver whittling knife”

Changing the order makes it more difficult, if not impossible, to figure out what’s being said. It may also make you question the writer’s competence!

Adjective Descriptors
Rule: Use descriptive adjectives, more or less*, in this order:

* Various authorities have a difference of opinion on order and what to “name” the descriptor; the below attempts to provide a reasonable consensus.

Usage Order Descriptor Example – Yes Example – No
1. Quantity / Number
one, two, three, a/an, ample, few, many, several
three ugly, red chairs red, ugly three chairs
2. Opinion
amazing, beautiful, disgusting, pretty, ugly
ugly, red chair red, ugly chair
3. Size
big, gigantic, large, petite, regular, small
a lovely, big-boned gal a big-boned, lovely gal
4. Temperature
cold, freezing, hot, icy
It was a beautiful cold day. It was a cold, beautiful day.
5. Age
aged, new, old, 14-year-old, young, youthful
It’s a gorgeous, old house. It’s an old, gorgeous house.
6. Physical quality
blonde, rough, thin, untidy
long-haired redhead red, long-haired head
7. Shape
circular, curved, distorted, oblong, rectangular, square
I insist that you eat a proper square meal. I insist that you eat a square, proper meal.
8. Color
ash, blue, gray, green, purple, yellow
It was a giant, green balloon. It was a green, giant balloon.
9. Origin / Nationality
American, French, Italian, Spanish, Victorian
The big, Egyptian mask hung on the wall The Egyptian, big mask hung on the wall
10. Material
concrete, glass, leather, metal, plastic, wooden
The blue, silken curtains are perfect in the bedroom. The silken, blue curtains are perfect in the bedroom.
11. Type
general-purpose, four-sided, U-shaped
Panettone is a round, Italian, bread-like Christmas cake. Panettone is a bread-like, round, Italian Christmas cake.
12. Purpose / Qualifier
cleaning, cooking, evening, priceless, sports
He just bought a beautiful, old sports car. He just bought a sports, beautiful, old car.

The Cambridge Dictionary includes this descriptor, which doesn’t make much sense to me . . .

Some examples are from “List of Descriptive Adjectives: Simple, Compound, and Proper“, Your Dictionary.com.

Adjectival Endings Definition: Adjectives can be formed from adjectives, nouns, and verbs.

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Typical adjective endings include:

Ginger

-able capable
readable
understandable
-al chemical
functional
mathematical
influential
-ed amazed
challenged
delighted
hated
-ful bashful
beautiful
harmful
helpful
-ible incredible
-ic artistic
manic
rustic
terrific
-iest prettiest
-ing boring
fascinating
interesting
lightening
-ish childish
foolish
selfish
yellowish
-ive attractive
inventive
intuitive
submissive
-less groundless
hopeless
restless
sleeveless
-ous adventurous
dangerous
fabulous
gorgeous
Untypical Adjective Endings
Ending Exception Word Adjective
-al If ending with an e, drop the e. nature
function
natural
functional
-ful If ending with a y, replace with an i. beauty
peace
beautiful
peaceful
-ic If ending with a y, drop the y. history
rust
historic
rustic
-ious
-ous
If ending with a y, drop the y. mystery
danger
mysterious
dangerous
-y If ending with an e, drop the e. ice
oil
icy
oily
Forming Adjectives From Other Words
From This Adjective . . . . . . to this Adjective
comic comical
correct corrective
elder elderly
red reddish
sick sickly
From a Noun . . . to this Adjective
accident accidental
danger dangerous
length long
star starry
wind windy
From a Verb . . . to this Adjective
enjoy enjoyable
help helpful
obey obedient
play playful
talk talkative
Adjective Types are:
Attributive Definition: Adjective comes before the noun and describes or expresses a characteristic of the noun.

CAUTION: Some adjectives can only occupy the attributive position.

Greater detail can be found in “Attributive“.

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Legend:

  1. Green indicates the adjective
  2. Blue indicates the noun being modified

That is one hunky man!

I hate my red hair!

Mary is such a pale girl.

She seems a capable person.

The red Aston Martin tore down the curvy roadway.

That big-breasted blonde was one bodacious babe.

Did you see that muscled hunk with the long, blond hair?

There was a black dog running with the pack.

It was a glorious, sunny day.

There was a grand opening for the new library.

The main reason we won was that our candidate was the better woman.

The reason main we won . . .

The terrified child was weeping uncontrollably.

The child terrified was . . . although terrified can be predicative

Postpositive Definition: Adjective which comes after the noun and modifies it.

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Legend:

  1. Green indicates the postpositive adjective
  2. Blue indicates the noun

Behond the body beautiful.

The Governor General announced a state of emergency today.

The Princess Royal is due at eight.

The judges present awarded the blue ribbon to Marjie Cunningham.

In times past, we would bake all kinds of cookies for Christmas.

Rule: Commonly found together with superlative adjectives in the attributive position.
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the postpositive adjective
  2. Blue indicates the superlative (and attributive) adjective
  3. Orange indicates the noun

See if you can find the shortest route possible.

These are the worst conditions imaginable.

Honey, this is the best hotel available.

Rule: Postposition is obligatory when the adjective modifies a pronoun.
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the postpositive adjective
  2. Orange indicates the pronoun

Hmmm, this could be something useful.

Is everyone present?

Those responsible will be held to the highest possible standards.

Predicative Definition: Adjective which comes after the verb, modifying it, and either connects via a linking verb, follows an intransitive verb, OR is set off as parenthetical text with commas.

CAUTION: Some adjectives can only occupy the predicative position.

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A.k.a., subject complement, adjective complement, predicative complement, predicate adjective, predicator

Rule: Follows a verb of being, linking, or intransitive.

Legend:

  1. Green indicates the predicate adjective
  2. White-on-Green indicates the subject
  3. Blue indicates the being verb
  4. Purple indicates the linking verb
  5. White-on-Blue indicates the intransitive verb

The child was terrified.

We are broke.

The steak smells great.

He is a hunk.

That birds are wild today.

The Aston Martin is red and sporty.

The road is curvy and dangerous.

The dress she is wearing is red.

My friends are Australian.

The book was error-ridden.

The beaches were sunny, breezy, and warm.

That book looks fabulous.

This chocolate cake tastes rich, sinful, and luscious.

During the day, the kids became rambunctious.

Rule: Set the adjectives off with commas.
The Aston Martin, red and sporty, tore down the roadway.
Kinds of Adjectives include:
Three Degrees of Comparison
Positive Degree Definition: Does not make a comparison; it is the normal form for an adjective.
Comparative Definition: To compare is to imply that at least two objects are involved, meaning that it will always be bigger, prettier, closer, whatever than something else or as something as something else.

Always balance your comparisons by comparing two things that match each other. The adjectives may be irregular and sometimes use adverbs Bruckmyer, 36-37).

Double Comparative Definition: An adjective that combines the comparative word more or less with the suffix -er.

Rule: Sometimes a double comparative doubles up on the suffix -er to strengthen the emphasis.

Wood

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Comparative More or Less Adjective Suffix -er Creating
more loud -er louder
more loud -er louderer
more fluffy -er fluffier
less blue -er bluer
less big -er bigger
Examples:
“Every time you ask me not to hum, I’ll hum more louder.” – Corver 2005

“The Duke of Milan / and his more braver daughter could controul thee.” – Shakespeare, The Tempest

John is more taller than Bill than you are.

Or as a moat defensive to a house,
Against the envy of less happier lands,
This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England.

Shakespeare, King Richard II, ii, i

Stealing Murakami: The plot gets still thickerer.

Superlative Definition: Compares three or more nouns and allows the highest degree of comparison.

SUPERLATIVE CONTENTS:

One Stop English has an excellent post on comparatives and superlatives.

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Positive Comparative Superlative
good better best
handsome handsomer handsomest
cool cooler coolest
pretty prettier prettiest
rich richer richest
Rules of Conversion to
Create Comparative or Superlative from Positive
Rule: The number of syllables in a word determine how an adjective is converted into a comparative adjective.
# of Syllables Rule:
Comparative
Rule:
Superlative
Examples
1 Add -er Add -est warm → warmer → warmest


high → higher → highest


safe → safer → safest
1 Ends consonant – vowel – consonant, double the last letter Add -est fat → fatter → fattest


sad → sadder → saddest


glad → gladder → gladdest


hot → hotter → hottest
1 Ends with an e, add an r Add -est fine → finer → finest


cute → cuter → cutest
2 OR 3 Use more or less in front of the word Add most or least difficult → more difficult → most difficult


boring → less boring → least boring


interesting → more interesting → most interesting


dangerous → less dangerous → least dangerous
2 Ends with y,
change y to i, and add -er
Add -est gloomy → gloomier → gloomiest


early → earlier → earliest


skinny → skinnier → skinniest
Irregular Comparatives:
bad worse worst
far farther
further
farthest
furthest
fore former foremost
first
good better best
hind hinder hindermost
ill more ill most ill
late later
latter
latest
last
little less least
many
much
more most
near nearer nearest
next
YES NO
My biology report is much bigger than my lab partner’s.


I was more embarrassed than Carol about the test scores.
My biology report is much bigger than my lab partner.

Either her lab partner is really, really skinny or that report can be weighed by the pound. Lots and lots of pounds.


I was more embarrassed about the test scores than Carol.

She’s embarrassed about Carol, but she’s more embarrassed about those scores.

Bi-Ending Adjectives
More Exceptions: Some adjectives can go either way.

common commoner
more common
commonest
most common
narrow narrower
more narrow
narrowest
most narrow
pleasant pleasanter
more pleasant
pleasantest
most pleasant
simple simpler
more simple
simplest
most simple
quiet quieter
more quiet
quietest
most quiet
unfriendly unfriendlier unfriendliest
most unfriendly
unhappy unhappier unhappiest
most unhappy
Double Comparative in the Superlative Definition: An adjective that combines the comparative word most with the suffix -est.

Rule: Sometimes a double comparative doubles up on the suffix -est to strengthen the emphasis.

Wood

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Comparative Most Adjective Suffix -est Creating
most loud -est loudest
most soft -est softest
most red -est reddest
most strong -est strongest
most big -est biggestest
Examples:
“This was the most unkindest cut of all.” – Shakespeare, Julius Caesar

John is the most tallest man I’ve ever met.

as . . . as Rule: Never use as . . . if, but as . . . as.

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YES NO
I think my work is as good as if not better than Beth’s.


Denton Fuller is the quarterback, and the coach thinks he is as fast as if not faster than Morris Abel, who graduated last year.
I think my work is as good as if not better than Beth’s.


Denton Fuller is the quarterback, and the coach thinks he is as fast as if not faster than Morris Abel, who graduated last year.

Legend:

  1. Green indicates the as . . . as phrase
  2. Gray indicates what’s missing
Compound Definition: A type of neologism combining two or more adjectives.

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Joining reduces confusion as to what is being described.

Whichever route you choose, be consistent in how you apply it. Do not alternate between, for example, start-up and start up.

There are four types of compound adjectives:

  1. Open
  2. Closed
  3. Hyphenated
  4. Super-Strong

A.k.a., phrasal adjective and a type of compound modifier.

Quick Look at the Four Types
Type Example
Open greenish blue blouse
Closed longtime friends
Hyphenated well-intentioned advice
Super-Strong Adjective unique
Open Compound Adjective Definition: There is a space between two adjectives.

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apple pie
attorney general
coffee mug
full moon
greenish blue
yellow green
Rule: Exceptions can occur for some adjectives depending on if they come before or after the noun being modified:

  1. Hyphenate before the noun being modified
  2. Leave the adjective as an open compound after that same noun, although Chicago (7.86) states that keeping the hyphen is also acceptable
Before a Noun After a Noun
It’s a nicotine-free cigarette. It’s a cigarette, nicotine free.
He’s a well-known figure. He’s a figure who’s well known.
Closed Compound Adjective Definition: There is no hyphen or space between two adjectives.

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Legend:

  1. Green indicates the closed compound

The baseball season was almost over.

Moonlight becomes you.

Jim has to be elsewhere tonight.

We should get Jamie a skateboard for his birthday.

Grandparents are usually more tolerant than parents.

Rule: When the noun ends in two Ls, include a hyphen.
bell-like doll-like
Rule: Using -like to create a adjective from a noun is always closed.
breadlike
childlike
doglike
ladylike
lifelike
longtime
springlike
starlike
Hyphenated Compound Adjective Rule: Always hyphenate before a noun; never hyphenate after a noun.

Never hyphenate an adverb modifying an adjective, for example, brightly colored. For more examples, visit Hyphen.

C.S. Lakin at Live Write Thrive has a post on this as well.

Grammar.com has a list of words that should be hyphenated.

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snow-covered
under-staffed
well-dressed
well-written
Before After
Now there’s a well-dressed woman! She’s always so well dressed.
As an under-staffed office, we cannot take on any more work. I told you, the office is under staffed.
Super-Strong Rule: Super-strong adjectives should never be modified.

A.k.a. absolute adjective, incomparable adjective, ultimate adjective

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  1. You can’t be a little bit pregnant.
  2. It’s either unique or its not.
  3. If it’s immovable, then it just ain’t gonna move.
  4. If it’s almost utter chaos, find a better word, as utter already means complete, absolute, etc.
  5. How can something be slightly ghastly?
Partial List of Super-Strong Adjectives
absolute
all-powerful
complete
critical
deadly
dreadful
ghastly
ideal
immovable
massive
perfect
preferable
pregnant
terminal
total
unique
utter
Coordinate Rule: Equal and reversible adjectives

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Examples:
The irritable, fidgety crowd waited impatiently for the theatre to open.

And in reverse: The fidgety, irritable crowd waited impatiently for the theatre to open.


Her blonde, curly hair was blowing in the wind.

And in reverse: Her curly, blonde hair was blowing in the wind.

Rule: Multiple adjectives use a comma, if:

  1. Two or more adjectives precede a noun (they’re nonessential)
  2. and they could be joined by and or but without changing the meaning of the noun
Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates where a comma can replace the and
  2. Coral indicates where and doesn’t belong and no comma can be used

I live in a little purple house.

I live in a little and purple house.


The little old lady.

The little and old lady.


She wore a red, leather dress.

She wore a red and leather dress.


The gay, bespectacled, celebrated British artist David Hockney is a master of color.

The gay and bespectacled and celebrated and British artist David Hockney is a master of color.


He is a tall, distinguished fellow.

He is a tall and distinguished fellow.


I live in a very old, run-down house.

I live in a very old and run-down house.


Her shiny, curly, shoulder-length hair trailed across his chest.

Her shiny and curly and shoulder-length hair trailed across his chest.

Demonstrative Definition: Show whether the noun they refer to is singular or plural and whether it is located near to or far from the speaker or writer (Demonstrative).

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You may want to have a look at pronominal adjectives as well.

A.k.a.: definitive

List of Demonstrative Adjectives:
that
these
this
those
Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the demonstrative pronoun

Bring me this hat.
Find those now!

Descriptive Definition: There are two types: common and proper.

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Common Proper
green
soft
silly
Antipodean
Siberian
Elizabethan
Indefinite Definition: Modifies a substantive.

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List of Interrogative Adjectives:
both each
either
some
so on
such
Examples:
Each man was out for himself.

Go ahead! Open either package.

That is such nonsense.

Interrogative Definition: An interrogative pronoun used as an adjective and are used to modify a noun or noun phrases.

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Rule: Can’t be used on its own.
List of Interrogative Adjectives:
what which
Examples:
What software program are you using?

Which hammer did you want?

Legend:

  1. Green indicates the what / which
Limiting A.k.a., Articles

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a an the
Measure Definition: Expresses weight, distance, size, etc., of persons or things.

A.k.a. adjective of measure

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big
bigger
biggest
bitty
heavy
large
short
small
so
tall
Examples:
That is one big mouse!

That is the biggest horse I’ve ever seen.

Is that heavy?

Kinda short, aren’t you?

Everything on his desk must be exactly so.

Modal Adjective Definition: Noting or pertaining to mood.

Credit to: 3.14

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necessary possible probable
Numeral Definition: Expresses the quantity of persons or things.

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one, two, three, ten, fifty-five all, few, most
first, tenth, hundredth
quadruple, fourfold, tenfold
Examples:
I’m missing one screw.

I am telling you for the hundredth time to stop that.

You could say it was a tenfold problem.

Participial See “Participle“.
Possessive Definition: Modifies a noun by attributing possession (or other sense of belonging) to someone or something.

A.k.a., possessive determiner

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Rule: Used before a noun to indicate possession.
List of Possessive Adjectives
These words are also possessive pronouns.

my
your
his
her
its
our
their
Examples:
That’s my hat.
Is this your notebook?
Yeah, they’re bringing their daughter.
Prenominal Definition: Precedes the noun it modifies, and it must occur in the same noun phrase.

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The eager student is usually successful.

Mary’s youngest daughter turned five today.

George and Helen chased after the bouncing ball.

Legend:

  1. Green indicates the noun phrase
Pronominal Definition: Uses pronouns that are demonstrative, indefinite, interrogative, possessive, or relative which affect a noun in some way.

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Demonstrative this, that, these, those
Indefinite any, both, each, every, neither, other, some
Interrogative what, which, whose
Possessive mine, my, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, one’s, our, ours, their, theirs, whose
Relative which, whose introduces dependent clause while modifying the noun in the clause
Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the pronominal

These jeans are worn out.

What time did you get here?

I dunno, choose whatever you like.

Which one of those do you need?

Each one looks so good!

It’s my hairbrush!

Whose toys are scattered all over the living room?

Do we have any cinnamon?

I hate this class.

Nah, neither one appeals to me.

Relative Rule: You can tell it’s a relative adjective if a noun follows (usually!) what or which. See Relative Clause for an example of the difference between a relative adjective and a relative pronoun.

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List of Relative Adjectives
what which
Examples:
He didn’t tell me what suit he was going to wear (Relative).

Legend:

  1. Green indicates the what / which
Adjective Clause: Definition: A dependent (a.k.a., subordinate) clause that modifies a noun.

An adjective clause can also be a relative clause if it answers the questions of what, who, how many, etc.

A.k.a. adjectival clause

Credit to: McGarry

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Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the adjective
  2. Blue indicates the adjective clause
  3. White-on-Blue indicates another adjective phrase
  4. Orange indicates the noun
  5. Coral-on-White indicates the dependent clause

“Any man who hates dogs and children can’t be all bad.” – W.C. Fields

“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character .” – the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

This is the song that hurts the most.

The game, which attracted 100,000 people, lasted more than five hours.

He who laughs last laughs best.

Adjective Phrase: Definition: A group of words with an adjective as its principal (head) word and tells us something about the noun it is modifying.

It can be used before or after the noun or noun or noun phrases it is modifying.

Adjective phrases can be further divided into attributive and predicative.

Rule: The head adjective can begin the adjective phrase or end it.

A.k.a. adjectival phrase

Credit to: Shrives; Adjective.

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Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the head word (adjective)
  2. Blue indicates the adjective phrase
  3. Orange indicates the noun phrase

The nearby motel offers cheap but comfortable rooms.

These are unbelievably expensive shoes.

Sarah was fairly bored with you.

The dog covered in mud looked pleased with himself.

The extremely tired lioness is losing patience with her overly enthusiastic cub.

Churchill was an eminent man.

Churchill was a man of eminence.

I have the cutest, little daughter.

Attributive Adjective Phrase Rule: Sits inside the noun phrase of the noun it modifies and may come before or after the noun.

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Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the adjective
  2. Blue indicates the attributive adjective phrase
  3. Orange indicates the noun phrase

The beautifully carved frames are worth more than the painting.

The frames beautifully carved by monks are worth more than the painting.

Predicative Adjective Phrase Rule: Generally uses a linking verb AND sits outside and after the noun phrase it modifies.
Examples:
Legend:

  1. Green indicates the adjective
  2. Blue indicates the predicative adjective phrase
  3. Orange indicates the noun phrase of the noun being modified
  4. Purple indicates the linking verb

The curtains look far too long.

The frames were beautifully carved by monks.

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C’mon, get it out of your system, bitch, whine, moan . . . which words are your pet peeves? Also, please note that I try to be as accurate as I can, but mistakes happen or I miss something. Email me if you find errors, so I can fix them . . . and we’ll all benefit!

Satisfy your curiosity about other Grammar Explanations by exploring its homepage or more generally explore the index of self-editing posts. You may also want to explore Book Layout & Formatting Ideas, Formatting Tips, Grammar Explanations, Linguistics, Publishing Tips, the Properly Punctuated, Word Confusions, Writing Ideas and Resources, and Working Your Website.

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Resources for Adjectives

Some of these links may be affiliate links, and I will earn a small percentage, if you should buy it. It does not affect the price you pay.

“3.14 Modality.” Academic Writing. Ewriting. Resource.acu.edu.au. n.d. Web. 4 Mar 2023. <https://resource.acu.edu.au/acuskills/acstyle/3_14.html>.

“Adjectives.” Towson.edu. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <http://www.towson.edu/ows/adjectives.htm>.

“Adjective Phrase.” English Grammar. 27 Aug 2013. Web. n.d. <http://www.englishgrammar.org/adjective-phrase/#phUkC60WlOsOLKHV.99>.

Apple Dictionary

“Attribute.” Adjective. University College London. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/adjectiv/attribut.htm>.

Burckmyer, Becky. Awesome Grammar. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 2008. Print. <https://amzn.to/3CgKKai> 35-40.

“Commas.” Guide to Grammar and Writing. Grammar. Capital Community College. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/commas.htm>.

“Demonstrative Adjectives Definitions.” Using English.com. n.d. Web. n.d. <http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/demonstrative-adjective.html#e3tsDvP5KJuuT2cv.99>.

“Examples of Adjectives.” Your Dictionary. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <https://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-adjectives.html>. A useful listing of various adjectives divided into groups “according to various functions i.e. their ability to describe touch, color, shape, and emotion”.

“Forming Adjectives.” Adjectives. Grammar Rules. Ginger Software. n.d. Web. 27 Jan 2023. <https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adjectives/forming-adjectives/>

Forsyth, Mark. The Elements of Eloquence. London: Icon Books Ltd, 2013. <https://amzn.to/3CH7hhO>.

Huddleston, Rodney and Geoffrey K. Pullum. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002. <https://amzn.to/3MfuBX2>.

“List of Adjectives.” Academic Success Center. Missouri Baptist University. n.d. Web. 27 Jan 2023. <https://www.mobap.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/list_of_adjectives.pdf>.

Lorraine. “How to Use Adjectives Ending in -Ed and -Ing.” Intrepid English.co.uk. 5 April 2022. Web. 27 Jan 2023. <https://intrepidenglish.co.uk/adjectives-ending-in-ed-and-ing/>.

Maxwell, Kerry G and Lindsay Clandfield. “Comparative and Superlative Adjectives.” One Stop English. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <http://www.onestopenglish.com/grammar/grammar-reference/adjectives/comparative-and-superlative-adjectives-article/144846.article>.

McGarry, Mike. “GMAT Grammar: Adjectival Phrases and Clauses.” MMagoosh GMAT Blog. 23 Mar 2012. Web. n.d. <https://magoosh.com/gmat/gmat-grammar-adjectival-phrases-and-clauses/#sthash.EES8rPIM.dpuf>.

“Order of Adjectives.” Ginger Software. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adjectives/order-of-adjectives/>. While I don’t agree with their order, they do have a useful “test” at the end.

“Predicate-Adjective.” Adjectives. Parts of Speech. Your Dictionary.com. n.d. Web. 19 Oct 2019. <http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/adjectives/predicate-adjective.html>.

“Relative Adjective And Relative Pronouns?” English Forums. n.d. Web. n.d. <http://www.englishforums.com/English/RelativeAdjectiveRelative-Pronouns/nnllp/post.htm>.

Shrives, Craig. “What Is an Adjective Phrase? (with Examples).” Grammar Monster. n.d. Web. n.d. <http://www.grammar-monster.com/glossary/adjective_phrases.htm>.

Sneddon, James Neil. Indonesian: A comprehensive grammar. Life with Dream.org. Aug 2013. Web. 8 Jan 2023. <https://life-with-dream.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Indonesian_A_Comprehensive_Grammar.pdf>.

“What is a Participial Adjective?” Your Dictionary.com. 2018. Web. 17 March 2020. <https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/adjectives/what-is-a-participial-adjective.html>.

Wood, Jim. “Double Comparatives.” Yale Grammatical Diversity Project: English in North America. 2012. Updated by Tom McCoy (2015) and Katie Martin (2018) Web. 4 Dec 2022. <http://ygdp.yale.edu/phenomena/double-comparatives>.

Zetlin, Minda. “This is the Most Bizarre Grammar Rule You Probably Never Heard Of.” Inc. 23 Aug 2019. Web. 2 October 2019. <https://www.inc.com/minda-zetlin/grammar-bizarre-weird-rule-adjective-order-matthew-anderson-mark-forsyth-cambridge-dictionary.html?utm_source=pocket-newtab>. This article explores the order of adjective use.

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