Word Confusion: Empire vs Empirical vs Imperial

Posted July 30, 2024 by kddidit in Author Resources, Self-Editing, Word Confusions, Writing

I was mostly curious about the difference between an empire and an imperial, then empirical cropped up. It made sense to add this last to this word confusion.

Empire is similar to imperial in that both refer to sovereignty and control, but after that, the two diverge.

Empire also refers to a design style (adjective) while the noun is all about absolute control. Oh, and an apple.

Imperial begins with relating to empire — its manners, members, and military forces, and it also goes on to refer to qualities, sizes, and measurements; architecture; and, facial hair, etc.

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Word Confusions . . .

. . . started as my way of dealing with a professional frustration with properly spelled words that were out of context in manuscripts I was editing as well as books I was reviewing. It evolved into a sharing of information with y’all. I’m hoping you’ll share with us words that have been a bête noire for you from either end.

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Empire Empirical Imperial

The purple area in this map indicates the breadth of the Roman Empire.
Roman Empire at Its Peak is Levakpitam‘s own work and is in the public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

A graph charts the trends of seven elements.

Empirical Atomic Radius Trends is Francois~frwiki own work and is under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license, via Wikimedia Commons.


 Nicholas II of Russia with the family (left to right): Olga, Maria, Nicholas II, Alexandra Fyodorovna, Anastasia, Alexei, and Tatiana. Portrait by the Levitsky Studio, Livadiya

Russian Imperial Family, 1913, Livadiya, Crimea, by Boasson and Eggle is in the public domain.

Part of Grammar:
Adjective 1; Noun 2, 3

Plural for the noun: empires

Adjective Adjective 1; Noun 1, 2

Plural for the noun: imperials

Adjective:
[Attrib.; usually Empire] Denoting a style of furniture, decoration, or dress fashionable during the First or (less commonly) the Second Empire in France 1

Noun:
An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, especially an emperor or empress 2

  • Any monarchy that for reasons of history, prestige, etc., has an emperor rather than a king as head of state
  • The territory included in such a unit
  • The period during which a particular unit exists
  • [Archaic] Absolute control over a person or group

Imperial or imperialistic sovereignty, domination, or control

[Commerce] An extensive enterprise under a unified authority

  • An extensive operation or sphere of activity controlled by one person or group

A variety of apple having dark red skin and white flesh 3

Adjective:
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic

[Medicine; of medical treatment] Based on practical experience rather than scientific proof

[Philosophy; of knowledge] Derived from experience rather than by logic from first principles

  • [Of a proposition] Subject, at least theoretically, to verification

[Medicine] Of or relating to medical quackery

[Statistics] The posterior probability of an event derived on the basis of its observed frequency in a sample

Adjective:
Relating to an empire 1

  • Relating to an emperor
  • Majestic or magnificent
  • Imperious or domineering

Relating to or denoting the system of nonmetric weights and measures (the ounce, pound, stone, inch, foot, yard, mile, acre, pint, gallon, etc.) formerly used for all measures in the UK, and still used for some

[Mainly historical; of a size of paper] Measuring roughly 559 x 762 mm (22 x 30 inches British; 23 x 31 inches US and Canadian)

Noun:
A member of an imperial party or of imperial troops 1

  • [Historical] A supporter or soldier of the Holy Roman Empire

A member of an imperial family, especially an emperor or empress

  • Befitting an emperor or empress
  • Regal
  • Majestic
  • Very fine or grand
  • Magnificent

An article of exceptional size or quality

Of a commanding quality, manner, aspect, etc.

Domineering

  • Imperious

Any of various book sizes:

  • [imperial octavo] 7½ x 11 inches
  • [Chiefly British; imperial quarto] 11 x 15 inches

A Russian gold coin originally worth ten roubles

[US] The top of a carriage, such as a diligence

[US] A luggage case carried on top of a carriage

[Architecture] A dome that has a point at the top

An oversized bottle used especially for storing Bordeaux wine, equivalent to 8 regular bottles (6 l. or 6.6 qt.)

[Also royale or impériale] A narrow pointed beard extending from the chin 2

Examples:
Adjective:
The Empire style was neoclassical but marked by an interest in Egyptian and other ancient motifs probably inspired by Napoleon’s Egyptian campaigns.

Charles Percier and Pierre-François-Léonard Fontaine were major exponents of the Empire style.

Emblems, such as the golden eagle, classical palm leaves, and laurel wreaths were typical of Empire design.

Noun:
The Roman Empire’s fall began in 410 A.D.

He encouraged the Greeks in their dream of empire in Asia Minor.

“In pre-Columbian America, the Inca Empire was ruled by a Sapa Inca, who was considered the son of Inti, the sun god and absolute ruler over the people and nation” (Absolute).

She established a thriving publishing empire.

Apple, Amazon, and McDonald’s have established a global empire.

Each ministry, each department, had its own empire, its own agenda, and worked to protect its turf.

Have you tried those Empire apples yet?

Adjective:
They provided considerable empirical evidence to support their argument.

Their empirical results prove the theory.

“No empirical data support his claim that the birth of a baby with Down syndrome makes the world — or the baby — unhappier” (Picciuto).

“It is at best an empirical test and must be interpreted in the light of clinical symptoms” (Todd).

“Empirical knowledge (a posteriori) empirical evidence, also known as sense experience, is the knowledge or source of knowledge acquired by means of the senses, particularly by observation and experimentation” (Knowledge).

“Empirical laws theories are generally approached from the perspective of probability rather than absoluteness” (Miller & Berger).

In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, healers used empirical knowledge to cure the sick.

“Empirical probability is based on a ratio of the number of attempts of a task to the number of a specific result, e.g., coin tosses to the number of heads or tails achieved” (Halton).

Adjective:
Britain’s imperial era ranged between 1815 and 1914.

The imperial Romanov family was murdered in 1918.

The bedroom is huge and imperial.

He had the imperial manner down pat.

She looked quite imperial.

The party and its autocratic — many would say imperial — ways.

“The imperial system has a hundredweight, defined as eight stone of 14 lb each, or 112 lb (50.80234544 kg), whereas a US hundredweight is 100 lb (45.359237 kg)” (Comparison).

Imperial-sized paper is primarily used by artists and is known as full sheet in the US.

Noun:
“The Imperial Roman Army was the military land force of the Roman Empire from 27 BC to 476 AD,[1] and the final incarnation in the long history of the Roman army” (Imperial).

We’re taking a tour of the imperial palace.

“Russia, Italy, Germany, the United States, and Japan became imperial powers in the period from the middle of the 19th century to World War I” (Editors).

P.J. Ridout, a former member of the Imperial Fascist League, founded the British Empire Party in the early 1950s.

“The son of the Emperor who is the Imperial Heir is called Kotaishi (Crown Prince)” (Household).

The Imperial Plum is a great long reddish plum, very waterish.

That’ll be ten imperials.

Throw their imperials up on the imperial of the diligence.

The imperial dome took up much of the skyline, and it has since been filled with these buildings.

The difference between an imperial octavo and an imperial quarto is how many folds, leaves, and pages one can get from a sheet of paper.

The Imperial holds the same amount as the Methuselah, but their shapes are different.

A type of goatee, the imperial beard is a mustache with a disconnected chin patch.

Derivatives:
Noun: empire-building Adjective: antiempirical, empiric, nonempirical, overempirical, semiempirical, unempirical
Adverb: empirically
Noun: empiric, empiricalness
Adjective: imperialist, imperialistic
Adverb: imperially, imperialistically
Noun: imperialist
Verb: imperialise (British), imperialize
History of the Word:
  1. 1804-1815, after the First Empire of France.
  2. Middle English via the Old French from the Latin imperium, related to imperare meaning to command, from in- (towards) + parare (prepare, contrive).
  3. Named after the Empire State, the nickname for the state of New York, where it was developed.
It was first recorded in 1560–70, empiric + -al.
  1. Late Middle English via the Old French from the Latin imperialis, from imperium meaning command, authority, empire; related to imperare meaning to command.
  2. 1835–45 from the French impériale, the noun use of the feminine of impérial after Napoleon III, who wore such a beard.

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C’mon, get it out of your system, bitch, whine, moan . . . which words are your pet peeves? Also, please note that I try to be as accurate as I can, but mistakes happen or I miss something. Email me if you find errors, so I can fix them . . . and we’ll all benefit!

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Resources for Empire vs Empirical vs Imperial

Some of these links may be affiliate links, and I will earn a small percentage, if you should buy it. It does not affect the price you pay.

“Absolute Monarchy.” Wikipedia. 5 July 2024. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_monarchy>.

Apple Dictionary.com

Collins Dictionary: imperial

“Comparison of the Imperial and US Customary Measurement Systems.” Wikipedia. 11 June 2024. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems>.

Dictionary.com: empirical

The Editors. “Imperialism Summary.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 21 Dec 2021. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://www.britannica.com/summary/imperialism>.

“Empirical Knowledge.” Wikipedia. 29 Sept 2021. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Empirical_knowledge>.

The Free Dictionary: empire, empirical, imperial

Halton, Clay. Macroeconomics. Economics. “Empirical Probability: What It is, How It Works, FAQ.” Investopedia. 19 July 2024. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/empiricalprobability.asp>.

The Imperial Household Agency. “The Imperial Family.” Kunaicho.go.jp. n.d. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/seido/seido02.html>.

“Imperial Roman Army.” Wikipedia. 7 July 2024. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Roman_army>.

Miller & Berger quote. “Empirical Laws Paradigm.” Lumen Learning.com. n.d. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-introductiontocommunication/chapter/empirical-laws-paradigm/>.

Picciuto, Elizabeth. “Richard Dawkins Would Fail Philosophy 101.” The Daily Beast. 28 Aug 2014. Last updated 14 Apr 2017. Accessed 20 July 2024. <https://www.thedailybeast.com/richard-dawkins-would-fail-philosophy-101>.

Todd, James Campbell. A Manual of Clinical Diagnosis. Originally published 1908. Project Gutenberg, 2014. <https://www.gutenberg.org/files/47078/47078-h/47078-h.htm>. Ebook.

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Pinterest Photo Credits

Napoleon on His Imperial Throne by Ingres is under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license, via Wikimedia Commons and courtesy of the Musée de l’Armée.

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